What term describes selling a product in another country at a price lower than its cost of production?

The term that describes the practice of selling a product in another country at a price lower than its cost of production is "dumping." This practice is often viewed as a way for companies to gain market share in a foreign market by undercutting local businesses, making it difficult for them to compete. Dumping can lead to significant issues for domestic industries in the importing country, as it can potentially drive local producers out of business. Additionally, it may result in trade disputes and the implementation of anti-dumping measures by the affected countries to protect their domestic markets.

In contrast, the other terms do not adequately capture the concept of selling below production costs. Free trade refers to the unrestricted exchange of goods and services between countries, focusing on removing barriers such as tariffs or quotas. A tariff is a tax imposed on imported goods, which is intended to make foreign products more expensive and protect local industries. A quota is a limit on the quantity of a certain good that can be imported, which also serves to protect domestic producers but does not relate to pricing strategies like dumping does.